The Jewish Annotated New Testament

Издание «Еврейский аннотированный Новый Завет» представляет собой масштабный научный проект, призванный показать Новый Завет в контексте еврейской религиозной, исторической и культурной традиции. Его основная задача состоит не в пересмотре христианского канона и не в создании альтернативного вероучительного толкования, а в восстановлении исторической среды, в которой возникли евангельские повествования, апостольские послания и раннехристианские общины. Подготовленные еврейскими исследователями комментарии раскрывают связи новозаветных текстов с Танахом, литературой периода Второго храма, рукописями Мёртвого моря, трудами Филона Александрийского и Иосифа Флавия, а также с более поздней раввинистической традицией. Особое внимание уделяется тому, как первоначально внутреиудейские дискуссии постепенно стали восприниматься в христианской истории как противостояние двух самостоятельных религий.

Третье издание, полностью переработанное и дополненное, отражает новые достижения библеистики и растущий интерес к еврейским истокам христианства. В его основу положен обновлённый английский перевод Нового Завета NRSVue, сопровождаемый подробными введениями, постиховыми примечаниями, специальными текстовыми исследованиями и шестьюдесятью четырьмя тематическими статьями. Над изданием работали восемьдесят восемь еврейских исследователей под руководством Эми-Джилл Левин и Марка Цви Бреттлера. Помимо исторической реконструкции, книга преследует важную образовательную и нравственную цель: помочь читателям отличать особенности древней религиозной полемики от позднейших антииудейских интерпретаций, глубже понимать преемственность и различия между иудаизмом и христианством и вести содержательный межрелигиозный диалог без отказа от собственных убеждений.

The Jewish Annotated New Testament

Third Edition, Fully Revised and Expanded. Edited by Amy-Jill Levine and Marc Zvi Brettler. Bible translation: New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition (NRSVue). New York: Oxford University Press, 2026. 976 pp. (hardcover). A collaborative scholarly annotated edition featuring contributions from 88 Jewish scholars.

ISBN 978-0-19-777013-9 (hardcover); ISBN 978-0-19-777015-3 (ebook).

The Jewish Annotated New Testament – Contents

• Preface to the Third Edition

• Preface to the Second Edition

• The Editors’ Preface to the First Edition

• To the Reader

• Preface to the NRSV Updated Edition

• Abbreviations for the NRSVue Text Notes

• Alphabetical Listing of the Books of the New Testament

• List of Abbreviations

Part I. The New Testament

1. Gospels and Acts

   • Introduction — Amy-Jill Levine and Marc Zvi Brettler

   • The Gospel According to Matthew — Introduction and Annotations by Aaron M. Gale

   • The Gospel According to Mark — Introduction and Annotations by Lawrence M. Wills

   • The Gospel According to Luke — Introduction and Annotations by Amy-Jill Levine

   • The Gospel According to John — Introduction and Annotations by Adele Reinhartz

   • The Acts of the Apostles — Introduction and Annotations by Gary Gilbert

2. Epistles and Revelation

   • Introduction — Amy-Jill Levine and Marc Zvi Brettler

   • The Letter of Paul to the Romans — Mark D. Nanos

   • The First Letter of Paul to the Corinthians — Shira L. Lander

   • The Second Letter of Paul to the Corinthians — Alan J. Avery-Peck

   • The Letter of Paul to the Galatians — Shaye J. D. Cohen and Paula Fredriksen

   • The Letter of Paul to the Ephesians — David Kraemer

   • The Letter of Paul to the Philippians — Serge Ruzer

   • The Letter of Paul to the Colossians — Peter Zaas

   • The First Letter of Paul to the Thessalonians — David Fox Sandmel

   • The Second Letter of Paul to the Thessalonians — Adam Gregerman

   • The First Letter of Paul to Timothy — Annette M. Boeckler

   • The Second Letter of Paul to Timothy — Susanne Plietzsch

   • The Letter of Paul to Titus — Jennifer L. Koosed

   • The Letter of Paul to Philemon — Sarah Emanuel and Shayna Sheinfeld

   • The Letter to the Hebrews — Pamela Eisenbaum

   • The Letter of James — Herbert Basser

   • The First Letter of Peter — Marcie Lenk

   • The Second Letter of Peter — Meira Kensky

   • The First Letter of John — Jonathan Brumberg-Kraus

   • The Second Letter of John — Krista N. Dalton

   • The Third Letter of John — Jonathan Brumberg-Kraus

   • The Letter of Jude — Andrew S. Jacobs

   • The Revelation to John — David Frankfurter

Part II. In-Text Essays

1. The Gospels

   • Genealogy

   • Righteousness

   • The Beatitudes and Extensions

   • The Extent of the Mission

   • Peter

   • The Blood Cry

   • Son of Man

   • Tax Collectors and Pharisees

   • Jesus Dying as a Ransom

   • Scripture Fulfillment

   • Jesus’ “Cry of Dereliction”

   • Jesus’ Synagogue Sermon

   • Pharisees in Luke

   • Parable of the Good Samaritan

   • Parable of the Prodigal Son

   • Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector

   • Cleansing of the Temple

   • Jesus and the Jewish Festivals

   • “Born Again”

   • Rabbi

   • Children of the Devil

   • Aposynagōgos

   • “I Am the Way, and the Truth, and the Life”

   • Advocate (Paraclete)

   • Jews and the Death of Jesus

2. Acts of the Apostles

   • Gamaliel

   • Stephen’s Speech

   • Christians

   • Paul and the Jews

3. Pauline Epistles

   • Faith

   • Diatribe

   • Law

   • Circumcision and “Works of Law”

   • Circumcision of the Heart

   • God Is One for All Humanity

   • The Enigmatic “I”

   • Christ Is the Goal of Torah

   • Grafting the Olive Branch

   • Protection of Israel

   • Enemies for Your Sake

   • Food that Is “Unclean”

   • Sexual Mores

   • Freedom from the Law

   • Head Covering

   • Cursing Jesus

   • Spiritual Gifts

   • Jewish Views of Love

   • Paul and the Trinity

   • Moses’ Radiant Face

   • Reading of the Old Covenant

   • Synagogue Discipline

   • Seven Heavens

   • Neither Jew nor Greek

   • The “Wall of Hostility,” “Abolishing the Law,” and “One New Humanity”

   • The Household Code

   • On Suffering

   • The Messiah’s Glorification

   • Polemic Against Gentile Circumcision

   • Colossians and Ephesians: Parallels

   • Colossians and Torah Observance

   • There Is No Longer Greek and Jew

   • Diatribe Against the Jews

   • The Man of Lawlessness and the Restrainer

   • Different Teachings

   • The Role of Women

   • Inspiration

   • Jewish Myths

   • Enslavement in the Roman Empire

4. General Epistles

   • Perfection Through Suffering

   • The High Priest in Jewish Tradition

   • Melchizedek

   • Heroes of the Faith

   • Implanted Word

   • Isaiah’s Suffering Servant

   • Suffering Under Persecution

   • Fallen Angels and Watchers

   • The Delay of the Parousia

   • Antichrist

   • Enoch Literature in Second Temple Judaism

   • Oral and Written Prophecy

5. Revelation

   • Christ as Visual Appearance of God

   • The Letters to the Seven Congregations

   • So-Called Jews and Their Synagogues of Satan

   • John, a New Ezekiel

   • The Numerology of Revelation

   • The Heavenly Temple and Its Perpetual Ceremonies

   • Chaos Monsters

   • Names Inscribed on the Body

   • Women and the Symbolism of Pollution

   • A Holy City Without a Holy Temple

Part III. The Essays

1. History

   • Bearing False Witness: Common Errors Made About Early Judaism — Amy-Jill Levine

   • The Greco-Roman Background of the New Testament — Erich S. Gruen

   • Jewish History, 331 BCE–135 CE — Martin Goodman

   • Revolts Against Rome — Eric M. Orlin

2. Society

   • Judaism and Jewishness — Shaye J. D. Cohen

   • The Sanhedrin — David Goodblatt

   • Judean Family Life in the First Century CE — Ross S. Kraemer

   • Marriage and Divorce — Michael L. Satlow

   • Gender — Tal Ilan

   • Archaeology of the Land of Israel at the Time of Jesus — Jodi Magness

   • The Burial of Jesus: Between Texts and Archaeology — Steven Fine

3. Movements

   • Ioudaios — Joshua D. Garroway

   • Jewish Movements of the New Testament Period — Daniel R. Schwartz

   • Pharisees — Yair Furstenberg

   • Messianic Movements — David B. Levenson

   • The Historical Jesus — Sarah J. Tanzer

   • Paul and Judaism — Paula Fredriksen

   • Judaizers, Jewish Christians, and Others — Charlotte Elisheva Fonrobert

4. Jews and Gentiles

   • The Concept of Neighbor in Jewish and Christian Ethics — Michael Fagenblat

   • Jewish Views of Gentiles — Meir Ben Shahar

   • Food and Table Fellowship — David M. Freidenreich

   • Birkat ha-Minim: A Jewish Curse of Christians? — Ruth Langer

5. Jewish Practice

   • The Law — Jonathan Klawans

   • Purity and Impurity in the New Testament — Yitzhaq Feder

   • Circumcision — Lawrence Hoffman

   • Disability and Healing — Julia Watts Belser

   • Sacrifice and the Temple — Naphtali Meshel

   • The Synagogue — Lee I. Levine

   • Prayer — Avigdor Shinan

   • Time, Calendars, and Festivals — Sacha Stern

6. Jewish Belief

   • Covenants and Land — Eyal Ben-Eliyahu

   • Sin and Repentance — Alan J. Avery-Peck

   • Supernatural Beings — Rebecca Lesses

   • Logos, A Jewish Word: John’s Prologue as Midrash — Daniel Boyarin

   • Jewish Miracle Workers and Magic in the Late Second Temple Period — Geza Vermes and Gideon Bohak

   • Baptism and Eucharist — Isaac W. Oliver

   • Afterlife and Resurrection — Martha Himmelfarb

7. Literature

   • The Septuagint — Leonard Greenspoon

   • The Dead Sea Scrolls — Menahem Kister

   • Philo of Alexandria — David Satran

   • Josephus — Jack Pastor

   • Targum — Moshe J. Bernstein

   • The New Testament Between the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) and Rabbinic Literature — Marc Zvi Brettler

   • The Canon of the New Testament — Michael R. Greenwald

   • The Language of the New Testament and the Translation of the Bible — Naomi Seidman

   • Scripture Fulfillment — Amy-Jill Levine and Marc Zvi Brettler

   • Midrash and Parables — David Stern

8. Jewish Responses to the New Testament

   • The New Testament and Jewish-Christian Relations — Ed Kessler

   • Stereotypes About God in the Old and New Testaments — Eva Mroczek

   • Supersessionism — Karma Ben-Johanan

   • Jewish Responses to Christ Followers — Claudia Setzer

   • Jesus in Rabbinic Tradition — Burton L. Visotzky

   • Jesus in Medieval Jewish Tradition — Martin Lockshin

   • Jesus in Modern Jewish Thought — Susannah Heschel

   • Jesus and the New Testament in Modern Yiddish and Hebrew Culture — Matthew Hoffman

   • Abraham in Jewish and Christian Thought — Aaron Koller

   • Moses in the New Testament — Serge Ruzer

   • Paul in Jewish Thought — Daniel R. Langton

   • Mary in Jewish Tradition — Daniel J. Lasker

   • Judas Iscariot in Jewish Thought — Maeera Yaffa Shreiber

   • The New Testament in the Jewish Arts — Marc Michael Epstein

   • Christology — Jehoshua Ahrens

   • Modern Jewish Believers in Jesus — Yaakov Ariel

   • A Jewish Reflection on Christian Claims — Jacob Neusner

Part IV. Maps, Tables, and Reference Materials

1. Maps

   • The Geography of the Gospel of Matthew

   • The Geography of the Gospel of Mark

   • The Geography of the Gospel of Luke

   • The Geography of the Gospel of John

   • The Native Lands of Pentecost Pilgrims

   • Sites of Early Christian Missionary Activities

   • First Missionary Journey of Paul

   • Second Missionary Journey of Paul

   • Third Missionary Journey of Paul

   • Paul’s Journey to Rome

   • Places Mentioned in Galatians 1–2

   • The Seven Churches

2. Tables and Glossary

   • Timeline

   • Chronological Table of Rulers

   • Some Tannaitic Rabbis

   • Some Amoraic Rabbis

   • Calendar

   • Weights and Measures

   • Parallel Texts

   • Chapter/Verse Differences

   • Canons of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament with Additions

   • Translations of Ancient Texts

   • Divisions and Tractates of the Mishnah, Talmud, and Tosefta

   • Glossary